First, the seed treatment method. The seed treatment method has four methods of seed dressing, dipping, soaking and stuffing.
1. Seed dressing: It is to mix the powder or liquid with the seeds to prevent pests and diseases . Mainly used to control seed-borne diseases and underground pests. This method has less medication, high efficacy, good control effect, and little influence on natural enemies.
2. Impregnation: the seed is spread on the ground, the thickness is about 15 cm, and then the liquid is sprayed on the seed, and the seeds are continuously turned to make the seeds all wet, covered with mats and the like, and piled up for l days and then sown.
3. Soaking seeds: the seeds or seedlings are immersed in a certain concentration of liquid medicine, and the seeds or seedlings are absorbed by the medicine after a certain period of time. The method can prevent the pathogens or seedling pests on the inside and outside of the seed and the seedlings, and has the advantages of less labor, good retention effect, less dosage, and little influence on natural enemies.
4. Stuffing: Just mix the liquid with the seeds and then pile up for a certain period of time.
Second, the dusting method. The wind generated by the duster is used to evenly spread the pesticide of the powder on the surface of the crop or the object to be controlled, thereby achieving the purpose of preventing disease and killing insects. The dust spraying method has the advantages of no water use, high work efficiency, simple method, timely control, uniform distribution, etc. The disadvantages are that it is greatly affected by wind, has poor adhesion to crops and insects, has a large dosage, and is easy to cause environmental pollution.
Third, the spray method. A certain amount of pesticide is mixed with an appropriate amount of water to form a liquid medicine, and the liquid is sprayed into a mist by a spray device, and evenly distributed on the surface of the crop or the control object, which is the most commonly used application method. The method is applicable to pesticide formulations such as emulsifiable concentrates, liquid preparations, wettable powders, suspending agents, oils, soluble powders, etc., and can be used for stem and leaf treatment as well as soil treatment. The spray method can directly contact and control the object, and has the advantages of uniform distribution, quick effect, good control effect, simple method, etc., but also has the disadvantages of easy drifting loss and poor safety of the application personnel.
Fourth, fumigation method. A fumigant or a volatile agent is used to volatilize it into a toxic gas for sterilization. This method is suitable for use in warehouses, greenhouses, soils, etc. or in densely populated areas. The fumigation method has the advantages of high control effect and quick action, but it requires sealing during indoor fumigation, and the application conditions are strict, and the application personnel must be safely protected.
Five, poison bait method. The poison bait made by mixing the bait of the pests and the rodents with the pesticides having the stomach poisoning effect achieves the purpose of trapping. It is mainly used to control underground pests and rodents, and has high control effect, but it is less safe for people and animals.
6. Soil treatment method. Spraying, dusting, poisoning soil, etc., the pesticide is evenly applied to the ground or a certain soil layer to prevent disease, insects and grass damage, which is called soil treatment. Many herbicides are applied this way, which extends the effect of the drug without harming natural enemies.
Seven, the smoke method. The use of special tools to disperse oily bio-pesticides into a smoke state to achieve insecticidal sterilization. Because the particles of smoke are small, the suspension time is long in the air, and the deposition distribution is uniform. This method is often applied to the prevention and control of pests and diseases in greenhouse crops.
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