In recent years, corn stalks have been returned to the field as a continuous production measure, which has gradually gained popularity and produced good economic benefits. However, some farmers have negative effects on these problems, which are reflected in the wheat fields after some straw returning to the fields. There are low emergence rate, yellow seedling, weak seedlings, and even dead seedlings. Not only does it not increase production, but also counters the production. The main reasons are the following aspects.
1. The ratio of carbon to nitrogen in the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 65-85:1, while the ratio of carbon to nitrogen suitable for microbial activity is 25:1. After the straw is returned to the field, the nitrogen in the soil is insufficient, so that the microorganisms compete with the crop for nitrogen. The straw sign is slowly decomposed, and the wheat seedlings are yellowed due to lack of nitrogen, weak in seedlings, and poor in growth.
Second, the straw smash does not meet the requirements. Some of the smashed straw is too long, and its length is more than 10 cm, which is not conducive to ploughing and affecting sowing.
Third, the soil size pore proportion is unreasonable After the straw is returned to the field, the soil becomes too loose, too much pores, resulting in running wind, soil and seeds can not be in close contact, affecting the germination and growth of the seeds, making the wheat rooted not strong, and even hang root. So, how can we make up for the above defects and ensure stable production and high yield?
4. After applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to the field, increasing the application of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer can reduce the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the soil, thereby facilitating the activities of microorganisms, satisfying the nitrogen needs of seedling growth, and accelerating the decomposition of straw. Provides a variety of nutrients for mid-to-late wheat production. The nutrient critical period of wheat to phosphorus is in the three-leaf stage, so the phosphorus supplement can meet the needs of seedlings for phosphorus, and at the same time lay the foundation for increasing the 1000-grain weight of fruit development. The action of potassium facilitates the synthesis and transportation of sugar and promotes crop metabolism. At present, there is a widespread phenomenon of "phosphorus deficiency, nitrogen deficiency, and potassium deficiency" in high-yield soils. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers can be supplemented in proportion to meet the needs of wheat growth and increase crop yield. The amount is 15 kg of ammonium carbonate per 667 m 2 , 25 kg of superphosphate and 10 kg of potassium sulfate.
5. The length of the powdered deep-turned straw should be less than 10 cm. If the common type of lame wheat planter is used, it is easy to buck the soil when sowing, affecting the quality of sowing. The rotary (rotary) type seeder should be used. To improve the quality of the seeding.
Sixth, timely suppression of watering wheat sowing, drying a day, with stone shovel suppression, so that the soil is dense, eliminate large holes, the size of the pores is reasonable, the seeds and the soil close contact, which is conducive to germination and rooting, can avoid the phenomenon of wheat roots.
Seven, the elimination of pathogens with diseased straw can not be directly returned to the field, otherwise summer corn is prone to disease, such straw should be destroyed or high temperature heap rot after application.
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