In general, the brewery produces hundreds of thousands of bottles of beer per day. In order to timely grasp the breakage rate and daily output of beer bottles, it is necessary to install counters on various links of the filling production line. When the bottle passes the counter, it will be countered. The sensor detects that the number of bottles is automatically increased by 1. The commonly used sensors are eddy current proximity switches and photoelectric switches. The proximity switch counts by detecting the metal cap. The photoelectric switch has a beam emitting end and a receiving end. If the transmitting end and the receiving end are on the same side, the emitted light beam is reflected back when the bottle passes, is received by the receiving end, the switch state is changed, and the counting circuit detects the state change. Counting; if the emitting end is opposite to the receiving end, when the bottle passes between them, the light is blocked and the switch state is also changed. This counter uses the latter photoelectric switch.
When it is between the receiving tube A and the receiving tube A, both beams are received, and the tubes A and 11 are both turned on, and the flag is set to 0. When the bottle continues to move to block a beam of light, the sign remains unchanged. When the two beams of light are blocked at the same time, the detection tube A of the bottle tube A receiving tube A receiving tube Bj is in the direction of movement detection. When the bottle leaves, the two beams are not blocked, the flag is set to 0. The number is increased by 1. Since the bottle keeps a beam of light, the mark does not change, so when the bottle enters the sensing area and shakes, it does not affect the mark, thus ensuring accurate counting.
2 Detection principle As shown, the four tubes are located in the same plane, and the transmitting tubes A and B are respectively aligned with the receiving tubes A and B. The diameter of the bottle neck should be larger than the distance between the transmitting tube A and the receiving tube B.
There is a sign inside the counter, the bottle does not enter the launch tube A*: 2001-05-29: Zhang Shujun, male (972-) Shandong Tai'an assistant workmanship technical work.
3 hardware design counter mainly consists of single-chip 89C51 and memory DS12887, infrared transmitting and receiving circuit, remote control and receiving circuit, display driver MC14489, watchdog circuit, serial communication circuit.
s mechatronics professional, has been engaged in beer machinery and equipment management and 89C51 microcontroller as the core device of the instrument, it contains 4KEEPR0M program memory, low power consumption, strong anti-interference ability.
Battery, quartz crystal oscillator and write protection circuit, in the case of breakpoint, do not lose data after running for more than ten years, used to save the counter value.
L1 and L2 respectively represent the transmitting tubes A, RP1 and P2 respectively representing the receiving tubes A and B. The adjusting resistors R3 and R7 can adjust the luminous intensity of the transmitting tubes. If the light is too strong, it will directly penetrate the bottle and cannot be counted; if it is too weak, the receiving tube will not be connected and cannot be counted. When the receiving tube receives the infrared light of the transmitting tube, conduction occurs, so the base of the triode is voltage-conducted, and the collector voltage is changed from high to low, and is sent to the single-chip microcomputer after being shaped by the Schmitt trigger 40106, and the level is judged by the single-chip microcomputer. Level to determine if there is a bottle.
In order to clear the counter, a special infrared remote controller is designed, which generates a 1000KHz square wave signal from 4060, and drives the infrared emission tube L3 through the triode T4. If the infrared emission tube L3 is aligned with the receiving tube P3, it will be generated at the To end of the single chip microcomputer. 1000KHz square wave signal, when the MCU detects this signal, it will clear the counter.
The MC14489 is a highly integrated LED display driver. It uses dynamic scanning to directly drive 5-digit 7-segment LEDs (with decimal places) or signed 41/ 2 digit decimal digits 0~9, hexadecimal digits A~F and other characters combined by 7-segment LEDs or Symbol, can drive up to 25 LEDs in non-encoding mode. The display has many functions and flexible use. The auxiliary circuit is simple to connect only one resistor (R1, R2) to drive LED display. The data transmission with the single-chip microcomputer adopts synchronous serial transmission, which occupies less software resources of the single-chip microcomputer. The instrument uses two MC14489 to drive 10 LED displays, which can display the on-time output and the cumulative output. Press the S1 button to switch the display status. The leftmost one display is used to distinguish the two display contents.
The watchdog circuit is a guarantee for reliable operation of the instrument. This instrument selects the special chip MAX705, which has Up reset, watchdog, power-down monitoring, manual reset input function, WDI terminates the INT1 end of the single-chip microcomputer. If it crashes, the WDI state does not change at the WDO end within 1.6 seconds. From high to low, the 40106 input goes low, the output goes high, and the microcontroller resets. During the counting process, the MCU continuously modifies the internal memory count value of the DS12887. If the +5V power supply is disturbed and fluctuated, the write protection circuit of the DS12887 will prevent the memory from being modified. The MCU must stop its operation. When the PIFI terminal of the MAX705 is lower than 1.25V, the PF0 terminal will go from high to low, and the MCU stops reading and writing.
The serial communication circuit is MAX1487, which is a standard RS485 interface. Through this interface, the MCU can transmit the count value to the microcomputer for centralized monitoring. The communication interface of each counter is connected to a pair of twisted pairs. Each counter must have its own The address, when communicating with a counter through the switch SW machine, first sends the address of the substation to select the substation, and then performs command or data transmission.
4 program design MCU program is mainly included in the main program, display subroutine and communication subroutine, the main program flow is as follows:
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