Now that China has entered the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, both domestic and foreign countries are estimating which reform and development information the Plenary will release. As the previous Third Plenary Session will issue some major decisions, it can be said that this conference is With great expectations, all are expecting to release huge dividends through reforms and create an upgraded version of China's economy.
The Development Research Center of the State Council recently released the 383 reform program. In the energy price field, the program has planned oil and electricity. Regarding refined oil products, the plan considers that it is necessary to form a new pricing mechanism for refined oil products, relax access to exploration and development of unconventional oil and gas resources, and advance the reform of the oil and gas industry. Establish a market for oil spot and futures trading with domestic and international market connectivity, with significant pricing influence, and using Chinese crude oil as the standard product. Restrict the restrictions on imported crude oil, refined oil, and natural gas. The relevant government departments no longer directly regulate the price of refined oil, and instead adopt temporary intervention measures when the oil price fluctuates significantly.
For electricity, the plan considers that large consumers should be directly involved in purchasing electricity, establish a real-time competitive power generation market, and deepen the reform of the power system. Large-scale direct purchase of electricity was implemented, and bidding was conducted on the Internet to form a competitive electricity market that was dominated by bilateral contract markets and supplemented by real-time competitive markets. Promote the reform of electricity price formation mechanism. The on-grid tariff is determined by the power generation market competition or the bilateral contract between the power generation enterprise and the large user; the government controls the transmission and distribution prices to form an independent transmission and distribution price that directly reflects the efficiency of the grid enterprise; and the residents and small and medium-sized industrial and commercial sales prices still implement the government. Guide price.
At present, what is the main direction of reform in the energy sector? What are the problems? What kind of reforms should be carried out in the fields of oil, gas, and electricity? What are the international experiences that you can learn from? In response to these problems, the reporter interviewed Shi Yaodong, deputy minister and researcher of the Industrial Economics Research Department of the Development Research Center of the State Council.
Reform the price formation mechanism and improve the price supervision system
Reporter: At present, China’s reform is entering a crucial stage. Reforms in the energy price field have always been of concern to the community because of its close relationship with the lives of ordinary people. Any reform has a main line. What is the main direction of reform in the current energy sector?
Shi Yaodong: I personally feel that the main direction of deepening the price reform in the energy sector in China is to reform the price formation mechanism and improve the price supervision system so that they complement each other. On the one hand, it is reforming the price formation mechanism. It is necessary to minimize the scope and extent of the government's formulation and direct intervention in the price, so that the supply and demand relationship in the competitive market becomes the basic and dominant force for price determination, and at the same time, the price signal should reflect the scarcity of resources. Degree and environmental damage costs. On the other hand, it is to improve the price supervision system, with emphasis on perfecting the price supervision system for monopolistic links and monopolistic behavior, including perfecting price supervision on natural monopolies, so that the distribution and distribution links of natural gas pipelines with a natural monopoly attribute are cost-transparent and fair. Under the institutional environment of entry and effective supervision, the price supervision system aimed at market monopoly behavior focuses on preventing, suppressing, and punishing acts of unfair competition that abuse the dominant position of the market. It is necessary to encourage new competitors to enter the market by opening up market access. Form a fair and open and orderly and healthy competition. Of course, this requires that the supervision and supervision capabilities of the regulatory authorities must keep up.
The willingness to reform and top-level design issues are the top issues
Reporter: What are the current problems facing China in the energy price reform?
Shi Yaodong: I personally think that there are mainly three problems:
First of all, I think it is the will to reform and top design issues. The price reform has led to the whole body and is a major adjustment of the pattern of interests. Without sufficient courage and willingness to reform, it is impossible to really touch the old pattern of interests and fail to truly realize the goal of reform. It is recalled that Minister Feng Fei of the Ministry of Industry once pointed out profoundly that one of the fundamental reasons why the previous energy price reforms were not progressing is that there existed deviations in the guiding ideology from the perspective of novation, short-term price adjustment and price adjustment to ease long-term supply and demand conflicts. It can be seen from previous price reforms such as electric coal, refined oil, and natural gas. Therefore, in the guiding ideology is the initiative or passive adjustment, at the starting point determines the difference between the reform path and the actual effect. With the willingness to reform, there is also a need for a scientific top-level design problem. The top-level design is to solve the problem of reform goals and implementation paths. It is necessary to clarify where the price reforms go and how to go. In many cases, price reforms cannot go back. For example, we are very It is hard to imagine that the market pricing mechanism that has been liberalized has returned to the government’s direct pricing mechanism.
The second is how to change and change what. As for how to reform, I personally think that it can be simply summed up into three words, namely, liberalization, rationalization and improvement. There are two meanings for liberalization. One level of meaning is to liberalize unreasonable price controls, minimize the scope and extent of direct government pricing, and allow the market supply and demand to play a fundamental role. At the same time, in areas where the market mechanism cannot play a role, such as natural monopoly and externality issues, the government can carry out effective and limited price controls. Another layer of meaning is to liberalize competition, relax unreasonable market access restrictions, and allow new ones. Competitors enter the market and form a benign situation for effective competition. In order to straighten out the relationship, it is necessary to solve the problem of poor price transmission between upstream and downstream. In particular, it is necessary to straighten out coal price and electricity price, crude oil price and refined oil price, industrial and commercial electricity price and residential electricity price, and natural gas. Unreasonable price relation between price and oil price. To improve, it is necessary to improve the price structure, so that the damage to the ecological environment in the energy development and production process is not fully accounted for in the cost, and the scarcity of energy resources and the fairness between generations must be fully reflected.
The third is the safeguard mechanism of energy price reform. The first is to improve relevant laws and regulations, specify the boundaries between the government and the market, clarify the boundaries between the stakeholders involved in the price reform and the rights, and define the boundaries of general functional management and professional market supervision. The second is to establish a market early warning and risk prevention and control mechanism. To deal with sudden market price volatility and energy supply disruptions that may occur, there must be a complete set of early warning programs and temporary intervention measures. The third is to establish a modern energy regulatory system with uniform functions, substantial institutions, and strong supervision. It is necessary to ensure that the regulatory agencies have sufficient manpower, material resources, and financial resources to effectively improve the level of energy regulation.
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