Home improvement is a systematic project, and the associated investment is also very large. Without a detailed budget, it may cause serious over-expenditure of renovation funds. The home budget overrun seems to have become a common "pain" for owners. How to block overspending black holes, how to do decoration budget , Xiaobian for you to come one by one.
Step one: Determine the decoration budget content
According to the plan of the house, to do a detailed renovation budget, first of all you have to know what part of the renovation budget contains. The decoration budget generally includes the materials, labor, design, and management fees.
Then gradually refine the charge items and estimated expenses for each type of fee. It's worth noting that when you ask designers to do design drawings, it's best not to tell the designer how much your budget is for a particular decoration, but to learn to take the initiative.
Step 2: Estimate Material Fees
General materials costs mainly include building materials, hardware, sanitary ware, lamps, electrical appliances, fabrics, and furniture. These categories should specifically include the following materials:
Building materials: Floor tiles, wall tiles, paints, baseboards, floors, paints, plaster lines, ceilings, cabinets, etc.
Hardware: door locks, door stoppers, hinges, switch panels, power outlets (these are common); TV outlets, air conditioning outlets, curtain rails (these are the bedroom or living room); sink, sink faucet, floor drain, corner Valves (these are the kitchens); toilet paper holders, racks, towel rails, bath towel racks, soap holders, coat hooks, bath faucets, angle valves, showers, vanities, etc. (These are the bathrooms).
Sanitary ware: Toilets, bathtubs, shower screens, etc.
Lamps: main lights, spotlights, floor lamps, cabinet lights and so on.
Electrical categories: TVs, computers, air conditioners, washing machines, refrigerators, cookers, range hoods, ventilation fans, Yuba, etc.
Cloth categories: curtains, bed covers, sofa sets and so on.
Furniture: sofas, beds, dressers, coffee tables, wardrobes, etc.
Estimated material costs, the industry is mainly listed in a detailed list, and then run several building materials market, the price of consulting materials, a general understanding of the price of the building materials market, will not be fooled by businesses.
Step 3: Estimate labor costs
Total labor costs = daily wages per worker x number of persons x number of days
If the owner feels the labor cost is too high, he can discuss with the decoration company.
Step 4: Estimate the design fee
If the owner does not ask the designer, he will not need to estimate the design fee. If you do, you must make an estimate. However, designers still have to ask for a good one, so as to avoid problems during the renovation process, but also to rework, it will instead spend more money and spend more time and energy.
Step 5: Estimate management fees
The management fee refers to the related expenses of the decoration company for the owner to purchase materials, supervise the work site, and coordinate other matters. This part of the cost owners can coordinate with the decoration company.
The above five basic steps hope that everyone can keep in mind. The decoration budget is a very complicated job. In addition to these five basic steps, everyone needs to read more information and learn more about decoration so that they can ensure that their own decoration will be of quality without wasting money. For more information on decoration, please continue to pay attention to the information on this site.
Decoration budget decoration budget knowledge home renovation budget
ORP, also known as oxidation-reduction potential, represents the oxidation-reduction ability of water, and the unit is mV. When the ORP sensor reads a negative number, this means that the substance being measured is a reducing agent, and when the reading is positive, it means that it is measuring an oxidizing agent. The reading of ORP will reflect the degree of pollution or disinfection of water, and it is an important indicator of water quality. Although it cannot independently reflect the quality of water, it can reflect the ecological environment of water bodies in combination with other water quality indicators.
If the ORP value is low, it indicates that the content of reducing substances or organic pollutants in the wastewater treatment system is high, the concentration of dissolved oxygen is low, and the reducing environment is dominant.
If the ORP value is high, it indicates that the concentration of organic pollutants in the wastewater is low, the concentration of dissolved oxygen or oxidizing substances is high, and the oxidation environment is dominant.
Daruifuno online analog ORP sensor has two types of flat platinum and circular platinum, and the measurement range is also different. Customers can choose according to their needs. The simulated ORP electrode is a double-salt bridge design, Ag/Cl reference electrode, and we also have glass material and plastic case packaging models.
Main applications for ORP sensors include: Chlorine and Disinfection, Cooling Towers, Swimming Pools, Water Treatment, Poultry Processing, Pulp Bleaching.
Analog Orp Sensor,Water Orp Tester,Water Orp Sensors,Orp Water Tester Probe
Suzhou Delfino Environmental Technology Co., Ltd. , https://www.daruifuno.com