The short-term fattening of mutton sheep refers to an effective measure to increase the weight, slaughter rate and economic benefits of commercial sheep by feeding the commodity sheep 3 months before the sale and adding high-quality forage to promote the weight of the commercial sheep.
First, prepare for fattening
Whether short-term fattening of mutton sheep has a significant effect is crucial before preparation for fattening. At least make the following preparations:
(1) Preparation of the sheep house. Because it is necessary to feed, it is necessary to have a sheep house, the density of feeding each sheep accounted for 0.4-0.5 square meters, in order to help limit the movement of sheep and increase the fattening effect. The location of the sheep house should be chosen to facilitate ventilation, drainage, daylighting, shelter from the sun and close to the pasture and feed warehouse.
(2) Preparation of forage and feed. Forage and feed are the basis of fattening of sheep. During the whole fattening period, each sheep should prepare 2 - 2.5 kg of hay, or 3-5 kg ​​of silage, or 3-5 kg ​​of ammoniated feed. Only sheep are prepared 0.3-0.4 kg per day.
(3) Choice of fattening season. Because the mutton is mostly used to make mutton hot pot, and the "mutton hot pot" is eaten in winter and spring, so the mutton has the largest market demand in winter and spring, and the commodity sheep is suitable for wintering. Therefore, the fattening season of the mutton is selected in the autumn. The best, and the temperature is appropriate this season, pasture, crop straw is rich, which is conducive to the rapid growth and sales of meat sheep.
(4) Selection of fattening sheep. Generally speaking, sheep used for fattening should use lambs and young sheep of the year, followed by sheep and old sheep. After selecting the fattening sheep, the following work should be done: 1) Deworming: Because the parasites in the body are very common, it will seriously affect the normal growth of the goat. 2) Castration: The rams used for fattening must be castrated, because the rams after the castration have a gentle temperament, good meat quality and fast weight gain. 3) De-horning hoof: Because the horned sheep loves fighting and affects feeding, it is necessary to go to the corner by sawing off the base of the corner with a hacksaw and disinfecting with iodine and sprinkling anti-inflammatory powder. After the rain, the hoof is usually cut with a fruit tree shear to cut the long hoof tip; then the edge of the hoof is trimmed to the same level as the sole of the hoof with a sharp knife. 4) Timing weighing, make a good record: the weighing of the fattening sheep before and after fattening, in order to evaluate the fattening effect, sum up experience and lessons.
Second, master the principles of feeding management
(1) Master the ratio of coarse concentrate. Although sheep can make full use of roughage, in order to increase the daily weight gain during the fattening period, certain high-energy feeds must be given. Appropriate ratio of fine and coarse can not only provide energy, but also meet the needs of protein. It can also maintain the normal activities of the rumen and ensure the health of the sheep. Therefore, the concentrate should account for 1/3 of the diet.
(2) Protein levels. The proportion of protein in sheep diet should be around 8%.
(3) Feeding amount and feeding method. The amount of sheep to be fed should be determined according to its feed intake, and how much to feed. The feed intake is related to the breed, age, sex, physique and palatability of the sheep, and moisture. The greater the feed intake of the sheep, the higher its daily gain. The daily feed intake of the hay for the sheep is 2 - 2.5 kg, the fresh grass is 3 - 4 kg, and the concentrate is 0.3 - 0.4 kg. The feeding method is to feed the concentrate first, then feed the hay or the coarse material, and finally drink the water. At the same time, it is necessary to sprinkle some salt water on the concentrate, silage or coarse material, and the forage is added at any time to maintain the strong appetite of the sheep and increase its feed intake.
(4) Daily management methods. This is mainly to minimize the movement of the sheep, reduce the consumption, and make the nutrients absorbed by the sheep all used to gain weight. In the fall fattening, at noon, the sheep can be released to the sun or to graze in the vicinity for a short time.
Third, several commonly used concentrate formulations
Short-term fattening must be supplemented with concentrate, and a reasonable combination of concentrates can achieve less material and faster weight gain. Here are some common concentrate formulations recommended:
(1) 40-45% of crushed corn, 25-30% of wheat bran, 15-20% of cooked bean cake, 10-15% of rapeseed cake, 0.5-1% of salt, and the total amount is adjusted to 100%.
(2) 74% of crushed corn, 10% of wheat bran, 14% of cooked bean cake, 1.5% of bone meal, and 0.5% of salt.
(3) 57% of hawthorn powder, 30% of cakes, 10% of bran, 2% of bone meal, and 1% of salt.
It should be noted that the seed-based feed should not be ground too fine to prevent the dust from being inhaled into the lungs and affecting health. In addition, when the concentrate is matched with the green hay, it is better to add silage to supplement the vitamins, or to add the complex vitamins and trace elements.
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