Laser cutting is a non-contact processing with high energy density and good controllability. It focuses the laser beam into a spot with a minimum diameter of less than 0.1 mm, so that the power density at the focus can exceed 107 W to 108 W/cm 2 , and the irradiated material is quickly heated to the vaporization temperature to evaporate to form small holes. As the beam moves relatively linearly with the material, the apertures are continuously formed into slits having a width of about 0.1 mm. An auxiliary gas adapted to the material to be cut is also added during the cutting to accelerate the melting of the material, blow away the slag or protect the slit from oxidation.
Many metal materials, regardless of their hardness, can be laser-deformed without distortion. Most organic and inorganic materials can be laser cut. Among the commonly used engineering materials, except for copper, carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel, aluminum and aluminum alloys, titanium and titanium alloys, and most nickel alloys can be laser cut.
Laser cutting offers significant advantages over traditional sheet metal cutting methods. It has high cutting speed and high production efficiency; good cutting quality and narrow slit; good material adaptability and no tool wear; whether it is simple or complicated parts, it can be laser-precision and rapid prototyping; high degree of automation and simple operation. Low labor intensity, no pollution; low production cost and good economic benefits; the technology has a long effective life cycle.
Laser cutting also has significant advantages over conventional processing methods. In the thermal cutting method, neither oxygen-burnable (such as acetylene) cutting nor plasma cutting concentrates energy in a very small area like a laser beam, resulting in a wide slit, a large heat-affected zone, and a more pronounced deformation of the workpiece. Oxygen-combustible cutting equipment is small, low investment, can cut steel plates up to 1m thick, is a very flexible cutting tool, mainly used to cut low carbon steel. However, due to its large heat-affected zone and low cutting speed, the incision is severely jagged and corrugated. Therefore, it is rarely selected for cutting materials up to 20 mm thick and requiring dimensional accuracy. Plasma cutting is similar to laser cutting speed and is significantly higher than acetylene flame cutting. However, the cutting energy is low, the top of the trimming edge is rounded, and the trimming edge is obviously curved. In operation, it is also necessary to prevent damage to the operator caused by the ultraviolet radiation generated by the arc. Compared with laser cutting, plasma cutting is slightly better: it is more suitable for cutting thicker steel plates and aluminum alloys with high beam reflectivity. However, lasers can cut non-metals, while other thermal cutting methods do not. In the mechanical stamping processing method, the mass punching method is used to produce large-volume parts, which has the advantages of low parts cost and short production cycle. However, this method is difficult to adapt to design changes, equipment-specific, long manufacturing cycle and high cost. For small and medium-sized companies, the expertise of laser cutting will be fully demonstrated. Laser cutting facilitates the close fitting of the workpiece, which saves material compared to the need to reserve more material around each workpiece. For large and complex parts that require segmental punching, punching is required, resulting in a number of small shell-like edges on the cut edges, resulting in a large amount of corner fill. For thin metal sawing, the cutting speed is much slower than laser cutting. Moreover, as a flexible, non-contact, profiling tool, the laser can be cut from any point in the material in any direction, which is a great sigh for sawing. EDM or wire cutting is used for fine processing of hard materials. Although the cut is flat, the cutting speed is several orders of magnitude slower than laser cutting. Although water cutting can cut many non-metallic materials, the operating cost is high.
Laser cutting is suitable for establishing “plate distribution center†in the steel industry, providing products that are free of subsequent cutting according to the needs of users (users), and making computer discharge to realize two-dimensional and three-dimensional arbitrary cutting to maximize material saving. And consumables to achieve a win-win situation for steel mills and customers.
As the domestic automobile, petroleum, textile machinery, farm machinery, motor vehicles, aerospace and other large enterprises have increased their technological transformation, the investment in military enterprises has increased, and the scale and product upgrades of small and medium-sized enterprises such as sheet metal, electrical appliances and elevators have accelerated. The Chinese cutting machine application market has entered a period of rapid growth. In 2000 and 2001 alone, more than 100 large-scale cutting equipment were introduced in China. According to statistics, the average annual increase rate has reached 25% in recent years. This development speed indicates that China's steel companies and the establishment of cross-industry and inter-regional laser processing centers will be good business opportunities for high returns on investment.
In fact, the establishment of laser processing centers has formed a trend in the western industrialized countries. Due to the high efficiency of laser processing, workpieces that used to require more than a dozen processes in the past can be completed by laser cutting a process. On the one hand, the processing capacity of many small and medium-sized enterprises cannot fully utilize the capabilities of laser processing equipment; on the other hand, the investment in laser processing equipment is relatively large. In this case, the purchase of laser processing equipment by SMEs themselves will bring some waste. Based on this situation, the western industrialized countries have now produced more than 3,000 Job?é„„shops that undertake processing tasks. There are more than 200 laser cutting machines next to the American Motor City. There are more than 80 Taiwanese counties in Taiwan Province. Therefore, the promotion of the processing center model in major cities in China as soon as possible is of great significance for the promotion of laser processing applications.
For steel companies, the establishment of laser processing sheet distribution centers has unique advantages. First of all, the self-produced plates are large in scale and variety, and the whole production process saves a lot of auxiliary time and cost. Secondly, as a national key plate production and sales base, extensive sales channels, customer relations and sales networks have been established over the years. For users of small batches and multiple varieties, the laser finished products can be directly supplied, the service chain of the products is extended, and the secondary benefits are generated; the cutting waste can be quickly recycled and reused; at the same time, the intermediate transportation links are reduced. Save costs and maximize profits. Behind all of this, Huagong Laser can provide long-lasting and strong technical support.
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