A liferaft is a lifesaving device used by a crew member when a ship is in distress. It can be quickly cast on the water and float above the water for the crew to embark. All kinds of liferafts have a certain buoyancy, and there are shelters that protect the wind, rain, and the cold, as well as rations and fresh water for the supply of survivors, as well as necessary belongings. Its features are small size, light weight, and easy operation. The shortcomings are mainly manifested in: no self-navigation ability, can only be floated in the water to be saved, easy to be overturned on the water surface after being put in a condition requiring manual righting, and the floating tire is prone to damage and leakage.
Life raft structural form classification (1) Rigid life rafts Rigid life rafts shall be provided with buoyancy by means of approved natural buoyancy materials. These buoyancy materials should be placed close to the life raft. The buoyancy material is flame-retardant or protected with a flame-retardant material cover. The bottom of the scoop prevents the entry of seawater and effectively supports the occupants to leave the water surface and protect against the cold. Liferafts can be self-supporting or can be righted by one person when it is overturned.
(b) Inflatable liferaft It is made of rubber, nylon cloth and other materials, and is filled with gas into a round or oval shape with a small canopy. According to the casting method is generally divided into throwing and mechanical lifting type.
1, throwing liferaft - When the ship in distress, the raft can be thrown into the sea by human or by its own gravity, in a very short period of time by relying on the charging rope to pull the inflatable bottle valve to inflate shape.
2, mechanical hanging type - mainly for passenger ships or scientific survey boats, teaching ships use. First remove the cockroach from the storage compartment or deck storage and hang it on the liferaft hanger, pull the inflatable drawstring and inflate it on the side. The boarding platform made of adhesive tape is then installed to allow crew members and passengers to board the liferafts from the deck and then drop them onto the water. In this way, the occupant is prevented from difficulties such as rope climbing and diving.
Liferaft construction 1. The construction of each liferaft should be able to withstand exposure in all sea conditions for up to 30 days.
2. After launching from a height of 18m, the liferaft and its attachments can be used normally.
3. In the case of the props propped up and unpropped, the floating liferaft shall be able to withstand repeated bouncings of at least 4.5 m above the raft.
4. The construction of the liferaft and its armored parts shall be such that the liferaft can be towed at a speed of 3kn in calm water after having loaded all the crew and attachments with one seagoing anchor.
5. The liferaft shall be provided with a canopy protecting the occupants from being exposed. The canopy can be automatically propped up after the liferaft has landed and reached the water surface. Its interior colour should not make the occupants feel uncomfortable. A liferaft containing more than 8 persons should have at least two symmetrical inlets. When the inlet is closed, the roof should be able to pass in enough air for the occupants; There must be at least one window on the awning, and there should be means to collect rainwater.
The liferaft is fitted with a chain-ring handle along the perimeter and inside of the liferaft.
2. Set up a leader cable whose length should be not less than 10m plus the distance from the storage to the lightest naval line or 15m (whichever is greater).
3. Manual control lights should be installed on the liferaft canopy. The light should be white and capable of continuous action 12h The liferaft should be equipped with a manual control light at least 12 hours continuous operation. When the awning is erected, the lamp will automatically light up and provide sufficient brightness for the occupant to read the lifesaving and equipment instructions. The battery type should not deteriorate due to moisture or humidity in the storage location.
Life raft structural form classification (1) Rigid life rafts Rigid life rafts shall be provided with buoyancy by means of approved natural buoyancy materials. These buoyancy materials should be placed close to the life raft. The buoyancy material is flame-retardant or protected with a flame-retardant material cover. The bottom of the scoop prevents the entry of seawater and effectively supports the occupants to leave the water surface and protect against the cold. Liferafts can be self-supporting or can be righted by one person when it is overturned.
(b) Inflatable liferaft It is made of rubber, nylon cloth and other materials, and is filled with gas into a round or oval shape with a small canopy. According to the casting method is generally divided into throwing and mechanical lifting type.
1, throwing liferaft - When the ship in distress, the raft can be thrown into the sea by human or by its own gravity, in a very short period of time by relying on the charging rope to pull the inflatable bottle valve to inflate shape.
2, mechanical hanging type - mainly for passenger ships or scientific survey boats, teaching ships use. First remove the cockroach from the storage compartment or deck storage and hang it on the liferaft hanger, pull the inflatable drawstring and inflate it on the side. The boarding platform made of adhesive tape is then installed to allow crew members and passengers to board the liferafts from the deck and then drop them onto the water. In this way, the occupant is prevented from difficulties such as rope climbing and diving.
Liferaft construction 1. The construction of each liferaft should be able to withstand exposure in all sea conditions for up to 30 days.
2. After launching from a height of 18m, the liferaft and its attachments can be used normally.
3. In the case of the props propped up and unpropped, the floating liferaft shall be able to withstand repeated bouncings of at least 4.5 m above the raft.
4. The construction of the liferaft and its armored parts shall be such that the liferaft can be towed at a speed of 3kn in calm water after having loaded all the crew and attachments with one seagoing anchor.
5. The liferaft shall be provided with a canopy protecting the occupants from being exposed. The canopy can be automatically propped up after the liferaft has landed and reached the water surface. Its interior colour should not make the occupants feel uncomfortable. A liferaft containing more than 8 persons should have at least two symmetrical inlets. When the inlet is closed, the roof should be able to pass in enough air for the occupants; There must be at least one window on the awning, and there should be means to collect rainwater.
The liferaft is fitted with a chain-ring handle along the perimeter and inside of the liferaft.
2. Set up a leader cable whose length should be not less than 10m plus the distance from the storage to the lightest naval line or 15m (whichever is greater).
3. Manual control lights should be installed on the liferaft canopy. The light should be white and capable of continuous action 12h The liferaft should be equipped with a manual control light at least 12 hours continuous operation. When the awning is erected, the lamp will automatically light up and provide sufficient brightness for the occupant to read the lifesaving and equipment instructions. The battery type should not deteriorate due to moisture or humidity in the storage location.
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