At present, most of the synthetic organic pesticides are used in small amounts in the field. In order to uniformly cover these pesticides on large-scale agricultural and forestry crops, it is necessary to process the pesticides into different dosage forms according to their physical and chemical properties and purposes. In order to facilitate the application of the field production. The dosage form of the pesticide refers to a form that is processed according to the characteristics of the original drug, the purpose of use, and the requirements. The China Pesticide Network Xiaobian introduces you to the following pesticide dosage forms commonly used in production:
(1) Wettable powder Wettable powder is one of the most produced and used dosage forms in pesticide formulations. The original drug, the filler and a certain auxiliary agent, such as a wetting agent, a dispersing agent, etc., are mechanically ground into a very fine powdery mixture. Such as 50% metalaxyl WP, the dosage form has good adhesion on plants, and the efficacy is better than that of the same kind of original medicine, and the method is more used. Can be used as spray, seed dressing, preparation of toxic soil, poison bait, heart filling, pouring and soil treatment. The advantages of wettable powder are low processing cost, safe and convenient storage and transportation, high content of active ingredients, small spray droplets and strong adhesion. The disadvantage is that the requirements for the wetting agent and the fineness of the powder are high, and the level of the suspension directly affects the control effect, and is likely to cause local phytotoxicity. Its control effect is better than powder, close to emulsifiable concentrate.
(2) Powder: A powder mixture obtained by mixing raw materials, fillers and stabilizers in a certain ratio and mechanically pulverizing, grinding and mixing, is a commonly used dosage form. The quality indicators of the powder include: active ingredient content, fineness of the powder, and dispersibility. The active ingredient of the powder is generally below 10%. The powder requires a certain fineness of the powder, and 95% passes through the No. 200 mesh sieve, and the diameter of the powder is generally less than 30 microns. Because the 10-30 micron particles not only have strong adhesion, but also increase the contact area with the organism, there is a significant control effect. It is insoluble in water, is not easily wetted by water, and cannot be dispersed and suspended in water. Therefore, no water spray can be added. When applying the medicine, the low-concentration powder is sprayed with a duster; the high-concentration powder is used for seed dressing or soil treatment. The active ingredients do not decompose during storage and do not agglomerate and deteriorate.
The advantages of powder are rich in resources, cheap and easy to obtain, low processing cost, simple application method, wide application, unaffected by water source conditions, and high work efficiency. The disadvantage is that it is easy to drift loss during application, pollute the environment, poor adhesion, large dosage, and affect the efficacy. In general, powders are less effective than emulsifiable concentrates and wettable powders. When used, if the leaf surface is moist, it can improve the deposition and adhesion of the agent on the leaf surface, improve the efficacy and the duration of the effect, so it should be used in the morning and evening and after the rain.
(3) Transparent oily liquid made of emulsifiable pesticides, emulsifiers and solvents, such as 50% dichlorvos EC. The emulsifiable concentrate preparation is one of the most used dosage forms at present, and the efficacy and adhesiveness are better than those of the wettable powders and powders processed by the same original medicine. After adding the water, the emulsifiable concentrate is stirred into an emulsion, which can be used as a spray, pouring, seed dressing, soaking seeds, making toxic soil, poison baits, poisonous valleys and stalks.
(4) The granules are prepared by adsorbing a certain amount of the original pesticide with fine particles such as cinder, sand or soil particles. Granules have a longer potency and a relatively small amount of drug, which is less likely to cause crop damage, and is safer for pesticides and natural enemies. Mainly used as acupoint application, strip application and heart leaf application. The advantages of granules are convenient storage and transportation. During application, the sedimentation is good, the drift is small, the environmental pollution is small, the release rate of the active ingredients of the pesticide can be controlled, the residual effect period is long, the application is convenient, and the high-toxic pesticide can be low. Poisoning, safe for pesticides. The disadvantage is that the processing cost of the granules is higher than that of the powder.
(5) The suspension of plastic suspension is a dosage form developed in the 1970s. It is ultra-fine pulverization by wet method, and the fine powder of pesticide is dispersed in water or oil and surfactant to form a viscous shape. Flowing liquid. It can be mixed with water in any ratio and is suitable for spraying, rooting, etc. The suspending agent has the advantages of small suspended particles, uniform distribution, large coverage area after spraying, strong adhesion, and thus higher efficacy than the same dose of wettable powder, equivalent to the same dose of emulsifiable concentrate; safe production and use, low environmental pollution Easy to apply.
(6) For the use of pesticides, medicines, fuels, combustion improvers, etc., in a certain proportion, the mixture of flakes and powders is suitable for the prevention and treatment of diseases, insects and rodents in environments with certain confined conditions. The advantages of the smoke agent are that the control effect is good, the use is convenient, the work efficiency is high, the labor intensity is low, no equipment is needed, no water is used, and the medicine is evenly distributed in space. The disadvantage is that the medicament is easy to be decomposed when the cigarette is smoked, and the shed membrane breaks the seriousness of the medicament; the cost is high, and the variety of the medicament is small.
(7) The water agent utilizes the characteristics that some of the original drugs can be dissolved in water, and water is used as a solvent, and a suitable auxiliary agent is directly added to prepare the agent. The advantages of the water agent are that it is easy to process, the cost is low, and the efficacy is comparable to that of the emulsifiable concentrate. The disadvantage is that the adhesion on the plant is poor, the long-term storage is easy to decompose and the chemical stability is not as good as the emulsifiable concentrate.
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