A lactation period of lactating cows can be roughly divided into early lactation, lactation, middle and late lactation, and dry lactation. Because of the different conditions, production performance, and feeding characteristics of dairy cows at different stages, the requirements for feeding are different. At present, the feeding methods of dairy cows mainly include conventional feeding method, pre-feeding method and challenge feeding method.
1 Conventional feeding method Green feed, roughage and auxiliary materials meet the nutritional needs of dairy cows. The concentrate feed meets the nutritional needs of milk production. The cows feed 1 kg of mixed concentrate per 3 kg of milk. This kind of “feeding by milk†is raised. The method is called the conventional feeding method of dairy cows. It is suitable for cows in normal mid-late lactation.
2 The pre-feeding method starts from 15-20 days after the cow's postpartum, and on the premise of eating enough, coarse and auxiliary materials, on the basis of the milk feeding material to meet the actual nutritional needs of maintaining and lactating, give 1.0-time more every day. 1.5 kg of mixed concentrate, as a prepaid feed to increase milk production; at the peak, the amount of concentrate fed increases with the increase in milk production until the amount of concentrate is no longer increased. This feeding method is called pre-feeding method, also known as short-term superior feeding method. This method of feeding is suitable for cows in the lactation period with a normal milk production.
3 The challenge feeding method is based on the normal feeding during the dry period (about 1.8-2.5 kg of dry feed in the dry period). From the two weeks before the expected delivery, the 0.45 kg of mixed concentrate is added daily to the delivery. When the amount of concentrate can reach 0.5%-1.0% of body weight, if the cow is normal after calving, it can continue to increase 0.45 kg of mixed concentrate on the basis of feeding before delivery until the amount of concentrate is increased. Add or concentrate until it is free to eat. However, the amount of roughage should not be less than 0.5% of body weight. When the milking period has passed, the material will be gradually reduced. This feeding method is characterized by guiding the training cows to feed the concentrate before the birth, and preparing for the physiological functions of the large-scale feed concentrate after the birth, so this feeding method is also called the guiding feeding method; After eating a high-energy, high-protein concentrate in a certain period of time, it can effectively reduce the consumption of cattle and maximize the lactation potential of postpartum dairy cows, which is also called the challenge breeding method. It is suitable for raising high-yielding dairy cows from two weeks before delivery until the end of the lactation period.
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