Deterioration of the environment, garbage siege: past 10 years

In recent years, with the rapid development of China's economy and the deteriorating environmental quality, the impact of environmental pollution on human health has become increasingly apparent. Environmentally-induced health risks and hazards have also become one of the public concerns of the country, society, and the public.

Environmental factors cause about 12.6 million deaths worldwide

The keynote report "Healthy Environment, Healthy Humans" issued by the Second United Nations Environment Assembly in 2016 shows:

In 2012 , about 12.6 million people worldwide died due to environmental factors, accounting for 23% of all deaths , a decrease of 1% compared with 2002 .

Infectious disease mortality decreased from 31% in 2002 to 20% in 2012.

Due to the environment of non-communicable disease deaths from 17% in 2002 to 22% in 2012.

The main environmental risk factors considered in the report are: occupational risks, environmental air pollution, vector environmental management, indoor air pollution, secondhand smoke, residential radon, lead, water (including drinking water, sanitation and hand hygiene) and other eight categories, It mainly considers 68 diseases that are significantly related to environmental factors such as respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diarrhea, asthma, and malaria .

Rural farmland suffers from large-scale pesticide pollution

According to Huang Ji?j, director of the Center for Agricultural Policy Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the survey of environmental pollution in 101 villages in 5 provinces in China shows that 44% of the villages have experienced deterioration of the rural environment in the past 10 years , and the development of rural township enterprises, urbanization, or the place of residence of the population Factors such as concentration have a significant negative impact on the rural environment. At present, the major environmental health problems facing the countryside are water pollution, the random accumulation of domestic garbage, and the problem of farmland soil.

The rural household garbage has developed from perishable vegetable leaves and melons into plastic bags, agricultural film, fast food boxes, and waste batteries. Many of these things are unrecoverable, non-degradable, and seriously pollute the environment.

Large areas of cultivated land suffered from pollution from pesticides and toxic and harmful substances in different degrees, mainly from industrial and urban sewage, agricultural pesticide film and other chemicals in the ultra-high and irrational use, large-scale livestock and poultry farms high environmental hormone content , livestock and poultry excrement, etc., affecting crops.

How to solve rural environmental problems

It is necessary to properly control chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and organic matter in order to properly dispose of solid wastes such as rural garbage, human and animal excrement, domestic waste, and domestic sewage.

First, thoroughly clean up hidden waste. Eliminate all types of accumulated rubbish in the village streets, behind houses, around villages and public places. Clean up floating and miscellaneous materials on the surface of rivers and ditches in villages, clear up random construction, disorderly dumping and illegal planting on the river bank, stop direct discharge of sewage manure, excessive discharge of enterprises, and landfilling of rivers ;

Second, establish a fixed garbage dumping point. Realize centralized stacking and regular removal. We will vigorously promote the rural garbage disposal model of “household collection, village concentration, township transshipment, and county disposal”, collect garbage from villagers, and transport them to township transit sites;

Third, the implementation of harmless sanitary toilets. It is forbidden to urinate anywhere, open pits should be covered, excreta should be disinfected with lime or bleaching powder and then treated in a centralized manner. Poultry and livestock should be kept in captivity and their faeces should not be allowed to pollute the environment and water sources. Keep the sheds dry to reduce the chance of parasites and germs breeding;

Fourth, take the development path of ecological agriculture. Implement ecological balanced fertilization and ecological control technologies to control the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides at the source. Combined with water-saving irrigation technology, improve the efficiency of agricultural water and fertilizer utilization.

Urban environmental health situation is equally severe

Not only rural areas, but also the need for attention to urban environmental health. In 2016 , the urbanization rate in China has reached 57.35% . While the rapid development of cities, urban environmental issues are also rapidly developing. Air pollution, air pollution, urban water shortages, water quality pollution, urban waste and garbage pollution have seriously affected the people. Production and life.

The 2010 Global Burden of Disease Assessment shows that outdoor PM2.5 air pollution in 2010 caused 1.2 million premature deaths and more than 25 million healthy life years in China. Gas combustion pollution, industrial exhaust gas, dust on the construction site, and motor vehicle exhaust are the major air pollution sources.

Excessive discharge of industrial wastewater and a large amount of domestic wastewater are discharged into rivers without treatment. 78 % of the country 's river reaches are not suitable as drinking water sources, 50 % of groundwater is polluted, and water supply occurs in many cities such as Beijing and Xi’an. crisis;

The increase in urban solid waste is far greater than the environmental carrying capacity. In 2015 , China's urban industrial solid waste production amounted to 1.91 billion tons, and domestic garbage production amounted to approximately 18,600 tons, which increased at a rate of 7% to 8% per year. Two-thirds of the country 's cities are surrounded by garbage.

Urban environmental health problems need to gather all forces

Use clean energy. We must actively participate in the prevention and control of atmospheric pollution, build clean heating projects, give priority to public transport, reduce the emissions of traffic exhaust, and actively promote the use of new energy and fuel alternative vehicles;

Focus on indoor air. Choose green decoration materials, strengthen indoor ventilation, keep the place of residence and the surrounding environment clean, often clean the corners of hygiene, try to keep the interior of the house dry and reduce the proliferation of germs;

Promote water conservation and encourage reuse of wastewater. Using various natural purification methods, the sewage is treated, new technologies and methods are used to purify the water, and sewage cannot be directly discharged into rivers, lakes, and seas;

We will vigorously support the recycling and comprehensive utilization of waste resources. Citizens should actively participate in waste separation and recycling, and understand the main methods of landfill and waste incineration. They do not blindly oppose the construction of waste incinerators, support waste incineration, power generation and turning waste into treasure, and assist in supervising waste discharge from waste incinerators.

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.