Production labor is an activity in which people combine in a certain way to transform the natural world. In the production process, we must deal with the social organization relationship between people, and we must deal with the relationship between people and nature. If the relationship in any aspect is not handled well, there is a possibility of industrial accidents and occupational diseases. For example, in production, due to poor management of labor organizations, improper policy measures, lack of publicity and education, and risky violations, resulting in work-related accidents and occupational diseases; in production, due to the lack of safety equipment for machinery and equipment, mechanical strength is not enough, There are problems with the process and it may also cause an accident. Therefore, the labor protection work must not only study the social science aspects such as the principles and policies, laws and regulations, and organization and management, but also study various technical measures that belong to the natural sciences. As far as technical measures are concerned, since the production process is very complicated and different industries have different production characteristics, the production processes and products, raw materials and mechanical equipment in the same industry are different, and the unsafe factors are different. Therefore, labor protection measures are involved. It has a wide range of basic and applied sciences.
The whole of science includes three major fields: natural sciences, social sciences, and thinking sciences. According to the scope of natural science research, it is classified into space science, marine science and environmental protection science. Labor protection is the same as the environmental protection science. Both subjects are classified by scope or environment and belong to the same type of classification. The research objects of environmental science include various scopes or environments, such as cities, villages, atmospheres, rivers, etc., and the protected objects are not contaminated and destroyed except for the above-mentioned environments, but also include people and all animals and plants. The big environment is the object of study. The research object of labor protection is the unfavorable factors that endanger the safety and health of workers in various environments and the measures to optimize the labor environment. The labor environment of laborers is the research object. The difference between the two is that the environment of the research object is different, and the scope of the subject involved is the same or similar.
I. Labor Protection Management Science
Part of the content of labor protection research belongs to the social sciences. This part is the labor protection management productivity science. It is part of modern management. The basic principles of modern management are also the theoretical basis of labor protection management science. It is necessary to use the knowledge of modern management to do a good job in labor protection management.
The science of labor protection management includes: implementing various policies and policies for labor protection; labor protection legislation, laws, regulations, and regulations; implementing a national labor safety supervision, administrative (industry) management, and labor union supervision; And labor-related labor systems; special protection for female employees and juvenile workers; investigation, registration, reporting, statistics, analysis, and preventive measures for workers' casualties; safety production responsibility system; labor protection education and technical training; new construction and expansion The project, its labor protection facilities and the main project at the same time design, simultaneous construction and simultaneous acceptance and commissioning; labor protection supplies, health food distribution and management; labor protection fund extraction, use and the original enterprise's technical transformation and improvement of working conditions Wait.
Second, labor protection applied science
The application science of labor protection includes two parts: safety technology and labor hygiene.
In order to prevent industrial accidents during production, to eliminate and control the causes of accidents and their harmful effects on the health of employees, and to constantly improve the working conditions of workers, the various technologies used are collectively referred to as safety technologies. It is a science and technology to prevent and eliminate sudden and serious accidents. Safety technology is closely related to production technology. As production progresses, it is necessary to conduct research from a safety perspective and take measures to eliminate various factors that cause accidents. These factors may exist in production conditions or may exist during operation. Therefore, safety technology can only be obtained after careful study of production processes, production tools and methods of operation. In a sense, security technology is also a production technology. There is a production technology and there is a corresponding safety technology. Such as lifting safety technology, boiler pressure vessel safety technology, electrical safety technology, mechanical equipment safety technology, stamping safety technology.
Labor hygiene is to study the hazards of high temperature, high pressure, dust, toxic gases, noise, vibration, electromagnetic radiation, radioactivity and other harmful factors to the human body and prevent occupational diseases. Its research scope includes the prevention of chronic diseases caused by physical, chemical, biological and other factors. Starting from the word "defense", various testing instruments are used to measure and identify occupational hazards, determine the degree of harm to workers, and propose measures to eliminate occupational hazards to achieve the purpose of improving working conditions, preventing occupational diseases and occupational poisoning.
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