There are many kinds of optical transceivers, but the fault diagnosis methods are basically the same. Summarizing the faults that occur in optical transceivers are as follows:
1. Power light is off. Power failure 2. If the Link light is off, the fault may be as follows:
(a) Check whether the optical fiber line is open circuit (b) Check whether the optical fiber line is excessively worn out and exceed the device receiving range (c) Check whether the optical fiber interface is connected correctly, the local TX is connected with the remote RX, and the remote TX is connected with the local RX .
(d) Check if the fiber optic connector is properly inserted into the device interface, whether the jumper type matches the device interface, whether the device type matches the fiber, and whether the device transfer length matches the distance.
3. Circuit Link light is off The fault may have the following conditions:
(a) Check whether the network cable is disconnected. (b) Check whether the connection types match: Devices such as network cards and routers use crossover cables, and switches and hubs use direct lines.
(a) Check whether the transmission rate of the equipment matches 4. The network packet loss may be serious. The failure may be as follows:
(1) The transceiver's electrical port does not match the network device's interface, or the duplex mode of the device's interfaces at both ends does not match.
(2) There is a problem with the twisted pair and the RJ-45 head for detection. (3) Fiber connection problems, whether the jumper is aligned with the device interface, and whether the pigtail and jumper and coupler type match.
5. The two ends of the fiber transceiver cannot communicate with each other (1) The fiber is reversed, the fiber connected to TX and RX is reversed, and (2) the RJ45 interface is not correctly connected to the external device (note that straight and twisted)
The optical fiber interface (ceramic ferrule) does not match. This fault is mainly reflected in the 100M transceiver with photoelectricity control function. If the tail fiber of the APC ferrule is connected to the transceiver of the PC ferrule, it will not be able to communicate normally. Photoelectric mutual control transceiver has no effect.
6. Time-off phenomenon (1) The attenuation of the optical path may be too large. At this time, the optical power of the receiving end can be measured with an optical power meter. If the optical sensitivity is within the range of 1-2 dB, the optical path can be basically judged as a fault (2 ) The switch connected to the transceiver may be faulty. At this time, the switch is replaced with a PC. That is, the two transceivers are directly connected to the PC. The two ends are PING. If not, the switch-off phenomenon can be basically judged as the switch failure (3) ) It may be a transceiver failure. At this time, you can connect the two ends of the transceiver to the PC (not through the switch). After the two ends have no problem with PING, transfer one large file (100M) from one end to the other to observe its speed. , If the speed is very slow (more than 15 minutes for file transfer below 200M), it can be basically judged as a transceiver failure.
7. Communication is stopped after a period of time, that is, communication is not possible. After the restart, it is normal. This phenomenon is generally caused by the switch. The switch will perform CRC error detection and length check on all the received data, and check that the error packet is discarded. The correct package will be forwarded. However, some erroneous packets in this process cannot be detected in the CRC error detection and length check. Such packets will not be sent during the forwarding process and will not be discarded. They will be accumulated in the dynamic cache. In the buffer, it can never be sent out. When the buffer is full, it will cause the switch to crash. Because restarting the transceiver or restarting the switch at this time can restore the communication to normal, the user usually thinks that the transceiver is a problem.
8. Transceiver Test Method If you find there is a problem with the transceiver connection, test it as follows to find out the cause of the fault. (a) Near-end test:
Both ends of the computer on the PING, if you can PING通 then prove that the fiber transceiver is no problem. If the near-end test fails to communicate, the fiber transceiver can be judged to be faulty.
(b) Remote test:
The two ends of the computer are PING. If the PING is inconvenient, you must check whether the optical path connection is normal and whether the transmitting and receiving power of the optical fiber transceiver is within the allowable range. If you can PING pass it proves that the light path is connected properly. It can be determined that the fault is in the switch.
(c) Remote test to determine the point of failure:
Connect the switch to the switch first and the two ends to the PING. If there is no failure, you can determine the failure of the other switch. Third, common faults and solutions
1. Power light is off. Power failure 2. If the Link light is off, the fault may be as follows:
(a) Check whether the optical fiber line is open circuit (b) Check whether the optical fiber line is excessively worn out and exceed the device receiving range (c) Check whether the optical fiber interface is connected correctly, the local TX is connected with the remote RX, and the remote TX is connected with the local RX .
(d) Check if the fiber optic connector is properly inserted into the device interface, whether the jumper type matches the device interface, whether the device type matches the fiber, and whether the device transfer length matches the distance.
3. Circuit Link light is off The fault may have the following conditions:
(a) Check whether the network cable is disconnected. (b) Check whether the connection types match: Devices such as network cards and routers use crossover cables, and switches and hubs use direct lines.
(a) Check whether the transmission rate of the equipment matches 4. The network packet loss may be serious. The failure may be as follows:
(1) The transceiver's electrical port does not match the network device's interface, or the duplex mode of the device's interfaces at both ends does not match.
(2) There is a problem with the twisted pair and the RJ-45 head for detection. (3) Fiber connection problems, whether the jumper is aligned with the device interface, and whether the pigtail and jumper and coupler type match.
5. The two ends of the fiber transceiver cannot communicate with each other (1) The fiber is reversed, the fiber connected to TX and RX is reversed, and (2) the RJ45 interface is not correctly connected to the external device (note that straight and twisted)
The optical fiber interface (ceramic ferrule) does not match. This fault is mainly reflected in the 100M transceiver with photoelectricity control function. If the tail fiber of the APC ferrule is connected to the transceiver of the PC ferrule, it will not be able to communicate normally. Photoelectric mutual control transceiver has no effect.
6. Time-off phenomenon (1) The attenuation of the optical path may be too large. At this time, the optical power of the receiving end can be measured with an optical power meter. If the optical sensitivity is within the range of 1-2 dB, the optical path can be basically judged as a fault (2 ) The switch connected to the transceiver may be faulty. At this time, the switch is replaced with a PC. That is, the two transceivers are directly connected to the PC. The two ends are PING. If not, the switch-off phenomenon can be basically judged as the switch failure (3) ) It may be a transceiver failure. At this time, you can connect the two ends of the transceiver to the PC (not through the switch). After the two ends have no problem with PING, transfer one large file (100M) from one end to the other to observe its speed. , If the speed is very slow (more than 15 minutes for file transfer below 200M), it can be basically judged as a transceiver failure.
7. Communication is stopped after a period of time, that is, communication is not possible. After the restart, it is normal. This phenomenon is generally caused by the switch. The switch will perform CRC error detection and length check on all the received data, and check that the error packet is discarded. The correct package will be forwarded. However, some erroneous packets in this process cannot be detected in the CRC error detection and length check. Such packets will not be sent during the forwarding process and will not be discarded. They will be accumulated in the dynamic cache. In the buffer, it can never be sent out. When the buffer is full, it will cause the switch to crash. Because restarting the transceiver or restarting the switch at this time can restore the communication to normal, the user usually thinks that the transceiver is a problem.
8. Transceiver Test Method If you find there is a problem with the transceiver connection, test it as follows to find out the cause of the fault. (a) Near-end test:
Both ends of the computer on the PING, if you can PING通 then prove that the fiber transceiver is no problem. If the near-end test fails to communicate, the fiber transceiver can be judged to be faulty.
(b) Remote test:
The two ends of the computer are PING. If the PING is inconvenient, you must check whether the optical path connection is normal and whether the transmitting and receiving power of the optical fiber transceiver is within the allowable range. If you can PING pass it proves that the light path is connected properly. It can be determined that the fault is in the switch.
(c) Remote test to determine the point of failure:
Connect the switch to the switch first and the two ends to the PING. If there is no failure, you can determine the failure of the other switch. Third, common faults and solutions
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