The spring breeze of reform has undoubtedly awakened all walks of life. Modern architectural waterproofing has also made significant progress along with important time points such as the reform and opening up, the Asian Games, and the Olympic Games. However, compared to the construction of the Olympic Games project, the construction of the Asian Games project has come for the waterproof industry. This is not a good opportunity. During this period, people did not take the waterproofing project as an important process. In terms of design, some projects have adopted new architectural designs. However, in terms of waterproofing, design drawings of two felts and three oils are still used. Different works use a template. Any type of work or anyone can use it directly. In terms of products, during this period, 95% of the projects use paper-felt linoleum, rare new materials. In the past, the waterproofing project adopted the 'three felt four oil' method. In the period of the Cultural Revolution, it was literally a layer of reform that became 'two felts and three oils' and the thickness of the waterproof layer was not enough. Coupled with the backward construction technology and worker training faults, building leakage was extremely serious in the late 1980s and early 1990s (according to the housing leakage survey organized by the Beijing Construction Committee at that time, the leakage rate of newly built houses was as high as 59.3% - - See the 3rd edition of this paper, "Integrated Management of System Management," and the most typical example is the Continental Hotel.
The Wuzhou Grand Hotel is one of the most luxurious projects during the 1990 Beijing Asian Games. When it was not properly installed, it was leaked. Su Ming, who was working in the building materials bureau, was invited to a site survey. I saw the stool and the bed was completely removed from the hallway. The stickers on the wall were all watermarks. Such a key project is still the case, let alone ordinary civil construction. After studying the causes of the leakage, Sun Zong quickly ruled out the factors of the material. If only a layer of plastic cloth is applied, it will be pressed and the rainwater will not be poured in from underneath. In this way, the waterproofing project can also be limited to one year. Therefore, whether 'three felts and four oils' or 'two felts and three oils' are used, Leakage occurred so rapidly that it was definitely a poorly designed or leaked construction.
In fact, paper linoleum was a good waterproof material at the time. When the Great Hall of the People was built, it used a carcass of jute, was covered with four layers of linoleum, and persisted for 40 years before being renovated. 'Three felt four oil' waterproof engineering, life expectancy can be used generally up to 20-30 years, 'two felt three oil', the use of the period can reach ten or twenty years, of course, the premise is to design a reasonable, detailed handling, Construction specifications, maintenance in place, drains clean up in time, non-human roof without protection layer do not wear shoes with nails stampede.
Counterfeit, a major hidden danger in the development of waterproofing
Fake and shoddy, this human hazard has severely restricted the development of the water industry. In the 1980s, there were relatively few fake and shoddy phenomena. In the 1990s, asphalt became a free market for procurement from planned supply. At the time, small workshops flocked to the market, and more and more fake and shoddy products appeared. Some small workshops are not only very crudely equipped, but also do not meet the requirements of raw materials. They rely on oil refineries, oil fields to survive, or the following waste, refinery waste of crude oil as a bitumen, or add a lot of filler such as stone powder, the product produced by the waterproof performance is extremely low. As the most important raw material for waterproofing products, asphalt is dark at first glance like crude oil, but it has no waterproof properties without being oxidized.
It must be acknowledged that although some companies and some products can stand shoulder to shoulder with the developed countries in Europe and America, the current level of domestic waterproof production technology is generally behind and the construction process is generally backward. One of the important reasons for the lag in development is counterfeiting, and it has not been able to strike success. In this regard, Sun always feel worried.
China's building waterproofing industry should develop and the market must be treated. Take the coil production license as an example. In the past 10 years, only 700 companies have had licenses. Who knows has doubled in the last two years. This amount is a large surplus for the waterproofing of small industries. This has led to more fierce market competition and a big impact on companies that actually produce good materials. Sun Zong believes that from the policy point of view, governance of the waterproof market should raise the barriers to entry for enterprises and strictly control the issuance of production licenses.
Focus on the development of mainstream products
As mentioned above, paper felt felt was a good waterproof material in the 1980s and was the absolute dominant material for the market at the time. Until the end of the 1990s, the use of linoleum began to decline, and it gradually entered the 20th century. Today, China's building waterproof materials have evolved from a single variety of paper felt and plastic grease to include modified bitumen membranes, polymer waterproofing membranes, waterproof coatings, construction seals, rigid impervious and plugging materials, and other varieties. And more complete waterproof material system. Under this circumstance, how should we develop waterproof products? General Sun’s opinion is: Focus on coils and paints, and concentrate on the development of mainstream products.
What is a mainstream product?
Asphalt membranes have an everlasting vitality. As of now, asphalt coils have been two to three hundred years old. The development momentum is still good. First of all, because of the long time of use, the research is more profound. Based on the rich experience, people are more aware of how to use it. Second, asphalt itself is a very good waterproof anti-corrosion material. Third, China's rich oil resources are sufficient to meet the production needs of asphalt membranes. In the situation where the price of waterproof raw materials has generally risen, the development of bituminous coils is still a general trend.
Polymer membranes should also be used as the main product. EPDM is an early introduction of polymer coils in China. China began to introduce the EPDM coil production line from the early 1980s. Between 1981 and 1986, it introduced four EPDM production lines from Japan. After that, its usage increased year by year. In the United States, EPDM has a history of several decades, but it is still a new product. In Japan, EPDM is widely used. It can be said that, so far, EPDM is one of the best performance coils. Another excellent polymer membrane is TPO. A few days ago, Sun Zong together with Wang Xin, chief engineer of Oriental Yuhong, went to Qiqihar to investigate a certain TPO project. When he climbed up to the top of the building, he discovered that the TPO was working well. It has high strength, mechanized construction, no pollution to the environment, plus it can be made white, can reflect light, and has energy-saving effect. In late November, Sun Zong and Zhu Dongqing, Chairman of the Building Waterproofing Association, visited the TPO production line of Dongfang Yuhong Yueyang Production Base. From the raw material to the final rolling process, from the production equipment to the production process, each link of the field inspection, and finally, Sun total appraisal, TPO is a promising material.
Waterproof material is a means of production rather than general merchandise, it does not need an update a day. In the current situation where the waterproof industry in China is small and low in concentration, the new products are not as good as possible. The quality of the traditional leading products will be improved and the construction process will be improved. Based on this, new products will be developed according to the needs of building development. Waterproofing industry At present, two major issues are imminent. First, the introduction or research and development of advanced construction tools, the so-called workers must first sharpen their tools, waterproof construction tools must be advanced, but also complete. Second, the waterproof work level training, and this level corresponds to the building level, due to the rapid changes in construction techniques and tools, we should also pay attention to the waterproofing of continuing education.
1, the selection of goggles should be selected by the product inspection agency inspection of qualified products;
2. The width and size of the goggles should suit the user's face shape;
3, lens wear rough, lens frame damage, will affect the vision of the operator, should be replaced in time;
4. Goggles should be specially used to prevent eye diseases;
5, the filter and protection of welding goggles should be selected and replaced according to the requirements of the specified operation;
6. Prevent heavy fall and heavy pressure, and prevent hard objects from rubbing lenses and masks.
Two types of use of safety protective glasses:
A. Anti-cementing debris
Mainly used to prevent metal or sand debris and other mechanical damage to the eyes. Lenses and frames should be of solid construction and resistant to impact. The frame of TDAF001 sky shield is equipped with a shielding edge, and there shall be ventilation holes on it. Protective lens can choose toughened glass, adhesive glass or copper wire mesh protective lens.
B. Antichemical solution
Mainly used to protect the eyes from chemical damage caused by irritating or corrosive solutions. Ordinary flat lens can be used, and the frame should be covered to prevent the solution from splashing into. Usually used in laboratories, hospitals and other places, general medical glasses can be universal
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